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[目的/意义]在企业知识管理建设中,实践社区有助于企业显性知识最优化和隐性知识的共享与创新。研究国外企业实践社区的成功因素对于我国企业知识管理的发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程]以美国铝业、安永、斯伦贝谢3家全球知名跨国企业实践社区为例,总结并详细论述其实践社区的成功因素。[结果/结论]3家跨国企业实践社区的成功因素体现在4个方面:社区定位、核心团队、运营手段、激励机制。我国企业可以从战略、人员、制度三方面获得启示。
[Purpose / Significance] In the construction of enterprise knowledge management, the community of practice helps the enterprises to share and innovate the explicit and tacit knowledge. Studying the successful factors of the practice community in foreign companies is of great significance to the development of the enterprise knowledge management in our country. [Methods / Processes] Taking the practice communities of Alcoa, Ernst & Schlumberger, the three world-renowned multinational corporations as examples, the author summarized and discussed in detail the success factors of their practice communities. [Result / Conclusion] The success factors of the three multinational corporations’ practice communities are reflected in four aspects: community orientation, core team, operation means and incentive mechanism. Our country’s enterprises can gain enlightenment from three aspects of strategy, personnel and system.