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鱼类营养与免疫功能的研究正逐步深入到特定营养素在鱼类疾病防治中的作用上。本文简要阐述了部分维生素(VA、VE和VC)、微量元素(Fe和Se)、蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂类对免疫反应的潜在影响及营养缺乏症的发病机理。综述了n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)在非特异性和特异性体液免疫及细胞免疫中的功能性作用。此外,还介绍了细胞膜功能(如流动性和通透性)、PUFA的免疫效应与类二十烷酸如白三烯(LT)和前列腺素(PG)的形成密切相关。n-3和n-6PUFA的摄入量对巨噬细胞和白细胞产生的LT、PG数量有巨大的影响,直接影响到鱼类的免疫功能。虽然改变日粮可以潜在地防止鱼类疾病的发生,但仍需在营养素对常见疾病发生机理的特定作用上以及这些作用如何受到其它生理或环境因素的影响上做进一步的研究。
Fish nutrition and immune function research is gradually deepening the role of specific nutrients in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. This article briefly describes the potential effects of some vitamins (VA, VE and VC), trace elements (Fe and Se), proteins, carbohydrates and lipids on immune responses and the pathogenesis of nutritional deficiencies. The functional roles of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in nonspecific and specific humoral and cellular immunity are reviewed. In addition, cell membrane functions (eg, fluidity and permeability) are introduced. The immune response of PUFAs is closely related to the formation of eicosanoids such as leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs). The intake of n-3 and n-6PUFA has a huge impact on the amount of LT and PG produced by macrophages and leukocytes, which directly affects the immune function of fish. Although dietary changes can potentially prevent fish diseases, further research is needed on the specific role of nutrients in the pathogenesis of common diseases and on how these effects are affected by other physiological or environmental factors.