保罗·霍恩(Paul Horn)时任IBM研究院院长,手下有3000名员工,每年的研究经费高达上亿美元,尽管如此,他也有很为难的事情:他带领下的研究活动主要支持公司制造的服务器、大型主机以及软件等具体产品,但是IBM的大部分收入却都来源于服务而非产品。2004年保罗告诉亨利教授:“如果我们的研究活动与公司的一半营收都不沾边,那我们的工作往后还怎么继续?”亨利·切斯布朗(Herry Chesbrough)教授是加州大学伯克利分校开放式创新中心总监。随着制造业向低成本国家转移,欧美国家的经济正 Paul Horn, then president of the IBM Research Institute, has 3,000 employees and an annual research budget of up to hundreds of millions of dollars. However, he also has a very difficult task: the research activities led by him mainly support the company Manufactured servers, mainframes and software-specific products, but most of IBM’s revenue comes from services rather than products. In 2004, Paul told Professor Henry: “If our research activities are not associated with half of the company’s revenue, how will our work continue?” "Professor Herry Chesbrough is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley Campus Open Innovation Center Director. With the transfer of manufacturing to low-cost countries, the economies of Europe and the United States are positive