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河西走廊灌区质地中壤的灌漠土上,21年的长期定位试验表明,化肥在作物增产中起主导作用。无有机肥条件下连年施用化肥比无肥处理增产粮食19.6%～300.5%,比有机肥增产16.2%～101.6%;生产力水平为90.9%～97.9%;对粮食增产贡献率平均达50%。连续平衡施用化肥对土壤养分的直接影响不均衡,土壤有机质含量连续19年下降了24.9%～27.4%;土壤全N比初始年提高13.7%～46.1%,速效N含量稳中下降的动态;土壤全P含量增效甚微,比初始年提高4.4%～5.1%,速效P含量稳中有增,提高了16.3%～19.1%;土壤K素库处于长期亏缺状态,速效K含量稳步降低的动态。化肥养分具有明显地间接培肥效应,在生物循环中以有机肥为载体下年输入土壤的N、P、K化肥养分分别占当年投入量的27.1%～31.3%,23.8%～27.0%和33.2%;化肥增产的秸杆有机C输入下年土壤的达567.3～626.7kghm-2。证明有机肥中相当一部分养分来自化肥及其化肥的生产物。
In 21 years of long-term positioning experiments on irrigated desert soil in the medium textured soil in the Hexi Corridor Irrigation District, the chemical fertilizers played a leading role in increasing crop yield. Under the condition of no organic manure, successive years of application of chemical fertilizers increased yields of grain by 19.6% -300.5% and organic fertilizer by 16.2% -101.6% compared with no-fertilizer treatment; productivity levels were 90.9% -97.9%; and contributed an average of 50% to the grain yield increase. The continuous and balanced application of chemical fertilizers had an unbalanced direct effect on soil nutrients. The contents of soil organic matter decreased by 24.9% -27.4% for 19 consecutive years. The content of total N in soil increased 13.7% -46.1% The content of total P increased little by little, which was 4.4% -5.1% higher than that of the initial stage. The content of available P increased steadily and increased by 16.3% -19.1%. The soil K pool was in a long-term deficit condition and the content of available K decreased steadily dynamic. Fertilizer nutrients have obvious indirect fertilization effects. The nutrients of N, P, K fertilizer input into soil in next year with organic fertilizer as carrier are respectively 27.1% -31.3%, 23.8% -27.0% and 33.2 %; Straw organic C fertilizer yield increased to 567.3 ~ 626.7kghm-2 soil next year. Prove a considerable part of organic fertilizer nutrients from fertilizers and fertilizer production.