分析了影响铁路电器触点正常工作的主要环境因素,对铁路电器触点在温度和振动应力作用下的失效机理进行了研究。综合考虑了振动应力所产生的摩擦带来的温升,以及电流通过触点时产生的温升,将触点表面形貌的特征参数和疲劳损伤理论融合进广义Erying模型,建立了温度、振动应力和寿命关系的模型。结果表明:所得到的寿命模型可以从机理角度反映环境应力、触点形貌和触点寿命之间的联系。 The main environmental factors that affect the normal operation of railway electrical contacts are analyzed, and the failure mechanisms of railway electrical contacts under temperature and vibration stress are studied. Considering the temperature rise caused by the friction caused by the vibration stress and the temperature rise caused by the current passing through the contact, the characteristic parameters of the contact surface and the theory of fatigue damage are integrated into the generalized Erying model, and the temperature, vibration Model of the relationship between stress and life. The results show that the life model can reflect the relationship between environmental stress, contact shape and contact life from the perspective of mechanism.