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【目的】探讨小叶杨(Populus simonii)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程的特征及花粉萌发能力,为其杂交育种及分子细胞遗传学研究奠定基础。【方法】以小叶杨发育良好的雄花枝为研究材料,采用卡宝品红压片法,观察花粉母细胞减数分裂过程的特点,比较不同条件水培花枝对花粉萌发能力的影响。【结果】从小孢子母细胞发育到花粉粒,花芽除了稍增粗以外,外观没有明显变化;减数分裂过程存在核仁数目的动态变化、落后染色体及不同类型的纺锤体;室内水培花枝的花粉较室外水培的萌发能力强,室外水培的花枝花粉中观察到了2n花粉;同一花枝上的不同花芽及同一花芽中不同小花的发育不同步,但同一小花中的不同花药发育基本一致。【结论】小叶杨可以产生天然2n花粉,是杨树多倍体育种及分子细胞遗传学研究的良好试验材料。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of meiosis and pollen germination of Populus simonii microsporocytes and lay the foundation for its hybrid breeding and molecular cytogenetics. 【Method】 The male flowers of Populus simonii were used as materials. The characteristics of meiosis of pollen mother cells were observed by the method of carbopol magenta tabletting. The effects of hydroponics on the pollen germination ability were compared. 【Result】 The results showed that there was no significant change in the appearance of the flower buds except microspore mother cells and pollen grains. The number of chromosomes in the meiosis process was changed, and the chromosomes were lagging and different types of spindles were observed. Pollen germination ability was stronger than that of hydroponic culture in vitro. 2n pollen was observed in the pollen of hydroponics in outdoor. The flower buds on the same flowering branch and the development of different flowers in the same flower bud were not synchronized, but the development of different anther in the same flower was basically the same. 【Conclusion】 Populus simonii can produce natural 2n pollen, which is a good material for poplar polyploid breeding and molecular cytogenetics research.