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本文研究了1560(Al—Mg—Mn)、1141(Al—Cu—Mg—Ni—Fe)和1960(Al—Zn—Mg—Cu—Zr)铝合金在准静态、冲击及循环加载条件下细晶粒(FG)组织和超塑性变形对机械性能的影响。细晶粒材与再结晶粗晶粒(CG)材相比提高了抗拉强度和延展性以及高周期疲劳特性,但降低了静态韧性和冲击韧性。晶粒细化对裂纹阻力的影响作用直接表现为阻碍了裂纹生成而促进了裂纹生长。细晶粒组织坯料经超塑性处理之后,可代替粗晶粒再结晶组织材用于生产主要部件,其使用寿命受初裂纹出现的限制。在有裂纹的情况下,使用粗晶粒工业半成品制造的坯料和用常规热模锻加工的坯料可获得较高的强度。
In this paper, the effects of Al-Mg-Mn, Al-Mg-Mn-Al alloy 1141 and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy 1960 on the static, Effect of Grain (FG) Structure and Superplastic Deformation on Mechanical Properties. The fine grained material improves tensile strength and ductility as well as high cycle fatigue properties compared to recrystallized coarse grained (CG) material, but reduces static toughness and impact toughness. The effect of grain refinement on the crack resistance is directly manifested as hindered the crack formation and promoted the crack growth. After superplasticity treatment, the fine grain structure blank can be used instead of the coarse grain recrystallized structure material for producing the main components, and the service life of the fine grain structure blank is limited by the appearance of the initial crack. In the case of cracks, a higher strength can be obtained with blanks manufactured using coarse-grained industrial semifinished products and blanks processed with conventional hot-forging.