目的分析聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥椎体强化后椎弓根螺钉内固定术在骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折中的应用意义。方法选取2014年1月到2015年1月接诊的80例骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,各40例。对照组采用椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,研究组采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥椎体强化后椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中引流量、住院时间、疼痛缓解时间、下床活动时间等相关参数,及手术前后VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、凸cobb角、伤椎椎体高度丢失率等。结果研究组患者的手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量多于对照组,而住院时间、疼痛缓解时间及下床活动时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。术后两组患者的VAS评分、ODI值、凸cobb角、伤椎椎体高度丢失率均有明显的降低,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),且研究组患者在术后7 d及术后6个月的VAS评分、ODI值、凸cobb角、伤椎椎体高度丢失率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论与直接椎弓根螺钉内固定术相比,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥椎体强化后采用椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折,可明显缩短住院时间、下床活动时间等,术后后凸矫形好,有效预防矫形的丢失,是治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折较为理想的手术方法。 Objective To analyze the clinical significance of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures with polymethylmethacrylate cement. Methods 80 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures admitted from January 2014 to January 2015 were randomly divided into study group and control group, 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with pedicle screw fixation. The study group was treated with pedicle screw fixation with poly (methyl methacrylate) cemented vertebral body. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, Drainage time, pain relief time, ambulation time and other related parameters, and VAS score before and after surgery, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), convex cobb angle, vertebral body height loss rate. Results The operation time of study group was longer than that of control group, and the amount of bleeding during operation was more than that of control group. The length of hospital stay, pain relief and ambulation time were significantly shorter than those of control group (P <0.05, P <0.01). VAS score, ODI value, convex cobb angle and vertebral height loss rate of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P <0.01), and the patients in study group were The VAS score, ODI value, convex cobb angle and vertebral height loss rate at 7 days and 6 months postoperatively were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion Compared with direct pedicle screw fixation, pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures can enhance the length of hospital stay, Bed activity time, postoperative kyphosis good, effective prevention of orthopedic loss, is an ideal surgical treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures.