著名生物学家达尔文指出:“最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识。”教师应该“教会学生学习”,教贵有方,授之以渔。知识和能力固然重要,但更重要的是获取知识和提高能力的方法。中学的数学内容,主要是运算和推理两大部分。对学生来说,最重要的则是提高推理能力,这是提高解题论证能力的基础。一、常用的三种推理方法推理是由一个判断推出另一个新判断的思维形式。常见的推理有演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理。演绎推理是由一般到特殊的推理。如推导三棱锥体积公式时,先把三棱锥补成和它等底等高的三棱柱,然后 The famous biologist Darwin pointed out: “The most valuable knowledge is knowledge about methods.” Teachers should “teach students to learn”, teach yourself and teach them to fish. Knowledge and capabilities are important, but more importantly, they are methods for acquiring knowledge and improving abilities. The mathematics content of secondary school is mainly the two major parts of computation and reasoning. For students, the most important thing is to improve the reasoning ability, which is the basis for improving the ability to solve problems. One, the commonly used three reasoning methods reasoning is a form of thinking to introduce another new judgment. Common inferences include deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and analogical reasoning. Deductive reasoning is general to special reasoning. For example, when deriving a formula for a triangular pyramid volume, first add a triangular pyramid and a triangular prism equal to its base height, and then