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趋向动词“起来”一直是语法学界的研究热点,除了动作义之外,“起来”在普通话和各方言中的趋向义、完成义、起始义、情态义、话题标记和语篇衔接功能已得到认同,然而对于“起来”假设义表达虚拟语气的研究为数不多,关于方言中的“起来”的研究更少。本文以上海方言中“起来”一词的虚拟用法为主要研究对象,描写、分析其句法分布和语义功能,并通过比较不同年龄段上海人对“起来”虚拟用法的敏感度,来考察这种虚拟表达类型在新老派上海话中的使用情况,分析普通话对上海方言的影响。此外,将上海方言“起来”与其他吴方言中具有虚拟表达作用的趋向动词作比较,探讨具有虚拟用法的方言词汇在发展过程中的虚化情况。
Tendency verbs “up ” has always been the hotspot in the field of grammatical studies. In addition to action righteousness, “up ” in the Mandarin and dialects of the trend of justice, complete righteousness, initial righteousness, The function of cohesion has been recognized. However, there are only a few studies on the hypothetical expression of subjunctive and the less research on dialects. In this paper, we use the virtual usage of the word “起 起” in Shanghai dialect as the main research object, describe and analyze its syntactic distribution and semantic function, and compare the sensitivities of Shanghai people to the virtual usage of “上 起” in different age groups, To examine the use of this type of virtual expression in the old Shanghai dialect and to analyze the influence of Mandarin on the Shanghai dialect. In addition, comparing the dialect of Shanghai with the trend verbs of the other Wu dialects that have the function of virtual expression, we discuss the dialectical deviation of the dialect vocabulary with the virtual usage in the development process.