论文部分内容阅读
采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法 ,以 5个玉米自交系及其间配制的F1,F2 ,BC1,BC2 世代为材料 ,研究了 7个玉米子粒性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明 ,除粒厚外 ,各性状的遗传均以母体加性效应为主 ,种子直接显性效应和母体显性效应较小 ,细胞质基因对各性状均无显著影响 ,而环境效应极显著。除粒长的直接显性效应与母体显性效应间的协方差外 ,直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均较小 ,且不显著。因此 ,通过母体植株的遗传表现可对这些性状进行有效的直接选择。S2 2 是改良粒重的优良亲本 ,而NO1,NO2 ,NO3 对改良粒重不利。各部位子粒百粒重的直接显性效应、母体加性效应、母体显性效应及机误均存在极显著正相关。在自交系选育过程中 ,直接选择粒较宽的分离类型 ,容易获得大粒的遗传材料 ,选择粒厚而宽的亲本组配杂交组合有利于提高F1粒重。
The diploid seed genetic model and its analysis method were used to study the direct effects, maternal effects and cytoplasmic effects of seven maize inbred lines and their F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations. . The results showed that in addition to the grain thickness, the inheritance of the traits in all traits were dominated by maternal additive effects, with the direct and dominant maize dominance effects being small. The cytoplasmic genes had no significant effect on the traits, but the environmental effects were significant . Except for the covariance between the direct dominant effect of grain length and the dominant effect of maternal, the covariance between direct effect and maternal effect was small and insignificant. Therefore, these traits can be effectively and directly selected by the genetic performance of the maternal plants. S2 2 is an excellent parent with improved grain weight, while NO 1, NO 2, and NO 3 are detrimental to grain weight. There was a significant positive correlation between the direct dominance effect of the 100-grain weight of each part, maternal additive effect, maternal dominance effect and machine error. In the inbred line breeding process, the direct selection of a wider type of grain separation, easy access to large grain genetic material, selection of grain thickness and breadth of the parental group with a combination of crosses will help improve grain weight.