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目的通过对广州市番禺区常住居民、流动人口和学生3个群体人群对肺结核的就诊态度进行分析,为肺结核防治提供数据支持。方法采用横断面调查,确定15岁以上城乡居民419人、流动人口749人和学生325人共1 493人为调查对象;对肺结核就诊态度进行问卷调查。结果不同学历的受访者对肺结核就诊态度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),必须请假看病、检查很痛苦、花费时间多和经济负担大4方面态度持“完全不同意”的随学历增高而下降。学生对“及时就诊有助于早期发现肺结核、可以尽快获得治疗、有助于疾病康复、有助于尽快恢复工作/学习”持有完全同意态度的分别是58.15%、53.23%、56.31%和51.38%,常住居民和流动人口在此方面持完全同意高达80%;“做肺结核检查的过程很痛苦”常住居民和流动人口表示同意的占多数,学生则是以中立为主;及时就诊、就诊的主观因素和客观因素等9方面的态度中,常住居民、流动人口和学生差异均有统计学意义(χ2=159.597、218.520、185.135、180.736、42.603、145.348、121.229、47.798、40.832,P<0.05)。其中“及时就诊有助于早期发现肺结核、去就诊并进行肺结核检查花费的时间太多、就诊和治疗的过程会给家里带来很大的经济负担”这3方面态度中,常住居民和流动人口差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学生对患肺结核及时就诊认知度低;常住居民和流动人口对肺结核检查存在恐惧感,不利于肺结核的早期发现。需针对不同人群开展适合其方式方法的健康教育,还需政府正确引导和多部门协调开展,从而有效落实肺结核的防控措施。
Objective To analyze the treatment attitude towards tuberculosis in 3 groups of permanent residents, floating population and students in Panyu District of Guangzhou City, and provide data support for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the number of urban and rural residents over the age of 15 419, floating population of 749 and 325 students were a total of 1 493 people surveyed; questionnaire survey of tuberculosis attitude. Results There were significant differences in the attitude toward tuberculosis (P <0.05) among the respondents with different education qualifications, the need to leave for medical examination, the painful examination, the time spent and the economic burden. The attitude of “disagree” Higher education and decline. Students “timely treatment” helps early detection of tuberculosis, can be treated as soon as possible, contribute to the rehabilitation of the disease, help to resume work / study as soon as possible “” The attitude of completely agree is 58.15%, 53.23%, 56.31% And 51.38% respectively. The residents and floating population fully agree with each other up to 80% in this respect; “the process of doing tuberculosis is very painful ” the permanent residents and the floating population express their agreement, the students are mainly neutral; Among the nine aspects of the attitude towards the subjective factors and the objective factors such as visiting doctor, visiting doctor, resident residents, floating population and students, the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 159.597,218.520,185.135,180.736,42.603,145.348,121.229,47.798,40.832, P <0.05). Among them, “timely treatment will help detect tuberculosis in the early stage, and it takes too much time to go to the doctor and check the tuberculosis. The treatment and treatment process will bring a great financial burden to the family.” Of these three aspects, permanent residents and There was no significant difference in floating population between the two groups (P> 0.05), while the other two groups showed significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusions Students have low awareness of timely treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; residents and migrants have a fear of tuberculosis examination, which is not conducive to the early detection of tuberculosis. It is necessary to carry out health education appropriate to the manners and methods for different groups of people. It is also necessary for the government to properly guide and conduct coordinated multi-sectoral work in order to effectively implement prevention and control measures for tuberculosis.