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目的观察碳酸酐酶(CA)对肾结石大鼠的影响。方法从植物叶片中提取CA并检测活性。将40只大鼠随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组,每组25只。Ⅰ组大鼠正常喂养颗粒饲料;Ⅱ组大鼠每天给予质量分数1%乙二醇+质量分数2%氯化铵2 m L灌胃;Ⅲ组大鼠每天给予质量分数1%乙二醇+质量分数2%氯化铵2 m L+CA 1 m L灌胃;Ⅳ组大鼠每天给予CA 1 m L灌胃。饲养1周后收集4组大鼠24 h尿量,并检测尿液的尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸及钙离子。30 d后处死大鼠,观察肾脏组织结晶形成情况。结果 4组大鼠尿液中的尿素氮、肌酐及尿酸水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠24 h尿量与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4组大鼠尿钙两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组可见明显的肾结石结晶;Ⅲ、Ⅳ组未见明显的肾结石结晶,但可见肾小管结构异常改变。结论植物提取物CA能够抑制大鼠肾结晶的形成,对肾结石的预防和治疗可能有一定的积极作用。
Objective To observe the effect of carbonic anhydrase (CA) on kidney stones in rats. Methods CA was extracted from plant leaves and tested for activity. Forty rats were randomly divided into groups I, II, III and IV, with 25 rats in each group. The rats in groupⅠwere fed with 1% ethylene glycol and 2% ammonium chloride 2 ml daily. Rats in groupⅢwere given 1% ethylene glycol + 2% ammonium chloride 2 mL and CA 1 m L were given intragastrically. Rats in group Ⅳ were given CA 1 m L daily. One week after feeding, the 24-hour urine volume of the four groups of rats was collected, and urine urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and calcium ion were measured. After 30 days, rats were sacrificed to observe the formation of renal tissue crystals. Results There was no significant difference in urinary nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid levels in the four groups of rats (P> 0.05). The urine output of rats in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P <0.05). There was significant difference in urine calcium between the two groups (P <0.05). In group Ⅱ, obvious renal calculi crystallized; in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ, no obvious renal calculus crystallized, but abnormal changes in renal tubular structure were observed. Conclusions CA, a plant extract, can inhibit the formation of rat kidney crystals and may have a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.