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目的研究三聚氰胺亚慢性染毒对大鼠的毒性作用。方法 SD大鼠140只,雌雄各半,随机分为4组,每组各28只。给药组以三聚氰胺0.25、0.5、1.0 g/kg进行大鼠灌胃,空白对照组给予4 ml/kg生理盐水溶液灌胃,给药30 d,停药后恢复观察15 d,分别在实验的第30、45天末取血及主要脏器,观察三聚氰胺对大鼠生长、组织病理变化、血常规、血液生化指标的影响。结果三聚氰胺对SD大鼠生长没有明显的影响,血常规指标检查结果均在正常范围内;给药末期及恢复期,0.5 g/kg组、1.0 g/kg组大鼠肾脏、膀胱质量及脏器系数高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg组大鼠BUN、CRE、UA含量均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);1.0 g/kg组,肾组织间质有大量炎细胞浸润,肾小管变性、坏死,肾剖面可见大量放射状结晶。给药末期0.5 g/kg组、1.0 g/kg组尿潜血阳性率与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三聚氰胺对SD大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用,毒性作用的主要靶器官是肾、膀胱,亚慢性染毒可严重损伤肾功能,对大鼠造成的损伤在短期内不可逆,有迟发性毒性作用。
Objective To study the toxic effects of sub-chronic exposure to melamine in rats. Methods One hundred and fourteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 28 in each group. The rats in the administration group were given gavage with 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g / kg melamine, while the blank control group was given gavage with 4 ml / kg physiological saline solution for 30 days. The rats in the control group recovered and observed for 15 days. At the end of the 30th and 45th days, blood and major organs were collected to observe the effects of melamine on the growth, histopathological changes, blood routine and blood biochemical parameters in rats. Results Melamine had no significant effect on the growth of SD rats, and the results of blood routine test were within the normal range. At the end of administration and recovery, the kidneys of 0.5 g / kg group and 1.0 g / kg group, (P <0.01). The contents of BUN, CRE and UA in 0.5 g / kg and 1.0 g / kg groups were higher than those in control group (P <0.05), and the difference was statistically significant ; 1.0 g / kg group, a large number of interstitial renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular degeneration, necrosis, renal section can be seen a large number of radial crystalline. The positive rate of urinary occult blood in 0.5 g / kg group and 1.0 g / kg group at the end of administration was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Melamine has a sub-chronic toxic effect on SD rats. The main target organ of toxic effects is kidney and bladder. Subchronic exposure to melamine can seriously damage renal function, and damage to rats in the short term is irreversible and has delayed toxic effects .