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附生植物是山地森林生态系统中重要的结构性成分。因受林冠调查技术限制,人们对林冠附生植物知之甚少。本文在前人有关西双版纳植物区系研究的基础上,结合野外调查和标本资料,对该地区附生植物的物种组成与分布进行了整理。结果表明,西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物共有29科134属486种,约占全部维管植物的11%。附生兰科是最丰富的类群(69属293种),其中以石斛属(Dendrobium)(49种)和石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)(48种)物种数最多。蕨类是仅次于兰科的附生类群(13科38属97种),其中水龙骨科(51种)占附生蕨类总数的50%以上。基于生活史和养分来源的划分标准,该地区48%的附生物种属于兼性附生,其次是以兰科为主的专性附生(46%),半附生仅占6%。从区系上看,西双版纳附生植物属的分布具有明显的热带亚洲性质。附生植物主要分布于资源受限的林冠生境,对环境变化极为敏感,在人为干扰日益加剧的背景下,这类植物正面临严重威胁。因此,需要加强对西双版纳林冠亚系统的保护。
Epiphytes are an important structural component of mountain forest ecosystems. Due to the canopy survey technology, people know little about epiphytes. Based on the previous researches on the flora of Xishuangbanna, the article summarized the species composition and distribution of the epiphytes in the area based on field investigation and specimen data. The results showed that there are 486 species belonging to 134 genera, 29 families, accounting for 11% of the total vascular plants in the tropical forest epiphytic vascular plants in Xishuangbanna. Epiphytic families are the most abundant (69 genera and 293 species) with Dendrobium (49 species) and Bulbophyllum (48 species) most abundant. Fern is second only to Orchidaceae epiphytic (13 families, 38 genera and 97 species), including the water kerth family (51 species) accounted for more than 50% of the total number of epiphytic ferns. Based on the classification criteria of life history and sources of nutrients, 48% of the epiphytic species in the area are facultative epiphytes, followed by the obligatory epiphytes (46%) with orchidaceae and only 6% with semi-epiphytic organisms. From the perspective of flora, the distribution of the genus of epiphytes in Xishuangbanna has obvious tropical Asian characteristics. Epiphytic plants are mainly distributed in canopy habitats with limited resources. They are extremely sensitive to environmental changes. Under the background of increasing man-made disturbance, such plants are under serious threat. Therefore, we need to strengthen the protection of Xinshu Banna canopy system.