沙皇俄国是一个具有强烈扩张欲望的帝国,用武力争夺水域成为俄国的传统国策。但是在十九世纪中叶到二十世纪初的三次重要战争中,沙俄均以失败告终。为探究其失败的原因,本文从地缘环境对俄国海上扩张的影响,俄国外交战略两个方面说明了侵略者的本性决定了其自身无法调和战略目标过大与战争手段效能低下的矛盾,注定要归于灭亡。 Tsarist Russia is an empire with a strong desire for expansion. The struggle for water by force has become Russia’s traditional national policy. However, during the three major wars from the middle of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, tsarist Russia ended in failure. In order to explore the reasons for its failure, this article illustrates the contradiction between geopolitical influence on Russia’s maritime expansion and Russia’s diplomatic strategy. It shows that the nature of the aggressor determines the incompatibility between itself and the ineffectiveness of the means of war. Attributed to the demise.