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目的了解南京市学生结核病的报告发病特征,为制定学校结核病防治对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对南京市2005—2011年学生结核病患者登记资料进行分析。结果 2005—2011年学生报告结核病发病率分别为24.82/10万,22.54/10万,17.55/10万,15.43/10万,20.64/10万,15.86/10万,14.92/10万,平均报告发病率18.68/10万,各年份报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=59.38,P<0.01),随年份变化呈下降趋势(χ2趋势=37.76,P<0.01);涂阳登记比例逐年降低(χ2趋势=28.28,P<0.01);患者中男生多于女生;年龄分布以20~24岁最多(52.15%),其次为15~19岁(37.04%);经主动发现方式发现的学生患者比例较低;报告病例数在4—5月和9月较多。学生平均就诊延迟率为26.70%,且就诊延迟率随学生年龄增长呈下降趋势(χ2趋势=14.46,P<0.01)。结论南京市学生结核病报告发病率呈下降趋势,15~24岁年龄段的学生是学校结核病防控的重点人群。应加大对学生结核病例的主动发现力度,重视对学生结核病防治知识的健康宣教。
Objective To understand the characteristics of the reported incidence of tuberculosis in Nanjing and to provide the basis for the development of countermeasures against tuberculosis in schools. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the registration data of tuberculosis patients from 2005 to 2011 in Nanjing. Results The incidence of tuberculosis among students in 2005-2011 was 24.82 / 100000, 22.54 / 100000, 17.55 / 100000, 15.43 / 100000, 20.64 / 100000, 15.86 / 100000 and 14.92 / 100000 respectively. The average reported incidence (Χ2 = 59.38, P <0.01), and showed a trend of decline with age (χ2 trend = 37.76, P <0.01); the proportion of smear positives decreased year by year (χ2 = the trend of χ2 trend was 28.28, P <0.01). There were more boys than girls in age, the age distribution was the highest (52.15%) between 20 and 24 years old, followed by 15 to 19 years old (37.04%). The proportion of students Lower; the number of reported cases in April-May and September more. The average delay rate of students visiting was 26.70%, and the delay rate of visiting students decreased with the age of students (χ2 trend = 14.46, P <0.01). Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis reported by students in Nanjing shows a decreasing trend. Students aged 15-24 years old are the key people in prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. Should increase the student’s TB case initiative to discover, attach importance to the students knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and health education.