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目的了解兰州市城关区大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响。方法于2013年9—11月,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取兰州市城关区和榆中县的2 016名学龄期儿童(城关区1 087名,榆中县929名)为研究对象,采用美国流行病学标准问卷(ATS-DLD-78-C)进行呼吸系统疾病和症状发生情况调查。结果 2013年城关区大气SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10日均浓度均高于榆中县,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。城关区儿童感冒时咳嗽、不感冒时咳嗽、感冒时咯痰、不感冒时咯痰、鼻炎、支气管炎、肺炎、哮喘等8种呼吸系统疾病和症状的发病危险性分别是榆中县的1.563、1.606、2.055、1.849、2.786、2.514、1.976、2.599倍,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用多因素logistic回归分析调整年龄、厨房燃料、冬季采暖方式等混杂因素后,与榆中县比较,城关区儿童感冒时咳嗽、不感冒时咳嗽、感冒时咯痰、鼻炎、支气管炎、肺炎等疾病和症状发生的危险性均较高,OR值(95%CI)分别为1.571(1.273~1.938),1.568(1.028~2.391),2.026(1.580~2.597),2.136(1.430~3.192),2.142(1.463~3.136),1.741(1.190~2.548),均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论城关区儿童部分呼吸系统疾病和症状发生率高于榆中县,可能与城关区大气污染有关。
Objective To understand the impact of air pollution on the respiratory diseases and symptoms of children in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City. Methods From September to November 2013, 2 016 school-age children (1 087 in Chengguan District and 929 in Yuzhong County) from Chengguan District and Yuzhong County of Lanzhou City were selected as random samples by cluster sampling method. The United States epidemiological standard questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-C) respiratory disease and symptoms of the investigation. Results In 2013, the daily average concentration of SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 in the atmosphere of Chengguan District was higher than that of Yuzhong, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Chengguan District, children with cold cough, cough when not cold, cold when expectoration, no cold, expectoration, rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and other 8 kinds of respiratory diseases and symptoms of the risk of disease were Yuzhong 1.563 , 1.606,2.055,1.849,2.786,2.514,1.976,2.599 times, all statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of age, kitchen fuel, heating methods in winter and other confounding factors, compared with the Yuzhong County, Chengguan District, children cough during a cold, no cough when cold, expectoration when a cold, rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. The odds ratio (95% CI) was 1.571 (1.273-1.938), 1.568 (1.028-2.391), 2.026 (1.580-2.597), 2.136 (1.430-3.1992) and 2.142 1.463 ~ 3.136), 1.741 (1.190 ~ 2.548), all of which were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of respiratory diseases and symptoms of children in Chengguan District is higher than that in Yuzhong County, which may be related to the air pollution in Chengguan District.