目的:观察葛根通脉饮对同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)所致家兔动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)血管损伤和内质网应激(ERS)相关分子C/EBP环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合转录因子同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologousprotein,CHOP)表达的影响,并探讨其分子机制。方法:将36只日本大耳白兔随机等分成6组。对照组饲喂基础饲料,模型组饲喂高脂饲料(基础饲料+1%胆固醇及0.02%蛋氨酸),可定组(1 mg·kg-1+高脂饲料)、葛根通脉饮低、中、高剂量组(5,7.5,10 g·kg-1+高脂饲料),通过高脂饮食9周复制兔动脉粥样硬化模型。取胸主动脉观察其病理改变,用组织原位杂交和Western-blotting检测胸主动脉CHOP分子表达水平。结果:形态学显示模型组血管内膜下形成典型的脂质斑块,可定组内膜下有少量的斑块形成,病变较模型组轻,葛根通脉饮低剂量组血管局部区域出现脂质斑块,葛根通脉饮中剂量组血管内膜结构紊乱,葛根通脉饮高剂量组血管内膜下有少量平滑肌细胞增生。组织原位杂交结果显示,各组中CHOP基因在血管内膜和中膜层细胞胞质中均有表达,对照组内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞胞质中可见少量棕黄色颗粒。模型组斑块结构中平滑肌细胞和泡沫细胞胞质中棕黄色颗粒高表达。与模型组比葛根通脉饮组平滑肌细胞阳性信号表达下降。Western-blotting杂交结果显示,CHOP蛋白在各组中均有表达,与对照组比较模型组CHOP蛋白表达增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组比较在葛根通脉饮低、中、高剂量组中CHOP蛋白表达减少,差异均显著(P<0.01)。结论:葛根通脉饮抗AS作用机制可能与ERS相关分子CHOP的表达密切相关。可通过拮抗HCY所诱导AS的血管损伤,降低ERS相关分子CHOP在家兔胸主动脉中的表达。 Objective: To observe the effect of Gegen Tongmai Yin on homocysteine ​​(HCY) induced atherosclerosis (AS) vascular injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related molecules C / EBP cyclic adenosine monophosphate Glycosylation reaction and the expression of C / EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and to explore its molecular mechanism. Methods: 36 Japanese white rabbits were equally divided into 6 groups. The control group was fed with basal diet, and the model group was fed with high-fat diet (basal diet + 1% cholesterol and 0.02% methionine). The rats in the model group (1 mg · kg-1 plus high-fat diet) , High-dose group (5, 7.5, 10 g · kg-1 + high-fat diet). Rabbits model of atherosclerosis was replicated by high-fat diet for 9 weeks. The thoracic aorta was taken to observe the pathological changes. CHOP expression in the thoracic aorta was detected by in situ hybridization and Western-blotting. Results: Morphology showed that typical plaque was formed in the intima of the model group, and plaque was formed in a small amount in the intima of the model group. The lesion was lighter than the model group. Plaque, Puerarin Tongmai drink medium dose endometrial structure disorders, Puerarin Tongmai high dose group a small amount of vascular intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation. Tissue in situ hybridization results showed that in each group, CHOP gene was expressed in the cytoplasm of vascular intima and media, while in the control group, a small amount of brown granules were observed in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The brown granules in smooth muscle cells and foam cells in plaque of model group were highly expressed. Compared with model group, the expression of positive signal of smooth muscle cells in Puerarin Tongmai Decoction decreased. The results of Western-blotting showed that CHOP protein was expressed in all the groups, compared with the control group, CHOP protein expression increased in the model group (P <0.01), compared with the model group, The CHOP protein expression in the medium and high dose groups decreased significantly (P <0.01). Conclusion: Gegen Tongmai anti-AS mechanism may be closely related to the expression of ERS-related molecule CHOP. It can reduce the expression of CHOP in the thoracic aorta of rabbits by antagonizing the vascular injury induced by HCY.