目的探讨小儿单纯性血尿与特发性高钙尿症(IH)的关系,了解IH的治疗及预后。方法对72例单纯性血尿患儿进行24 h尿钙及尿Ca/Cr比值测定,确诊为IH患儿21例,占28.6%。21例患儿口服双氢克尿塞1 mg/(kg.d),分2~3次口服,疗程为8周。结果19例8周后血尿消失,24 h尿钙及尿Ca/Cr降至正常,2例12周后恢复正常。结论IH在单纯性血尿中占28.6%,预后良好。 Objective To investigate the relationship between simple hematuria in children and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) and to understand the treatment and prognosis of IH. Methods 24 cases of urinary calcium and urinary Ca / Cr ratio were measured in 72 children with simple hematuria. 21 cases were diagnosed as IH, accounting for 28.6%. 21 patients with oral hydrochlorothiazide 1 mg / (kg.d), 2 to 3 times orally for 8 weeks. Results Hematuria disappeared in 19 cases after 8 weeks, 24 hours urinary calcium and urine Ca / Cr decreased to normal, and 2 cases returned to normal after 12 weeks. Conclusion IH in simple hematuria accounted for 28.6%, the prognosis is good.