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人类在原始社会后期,随着社会分工的出现,个别地区有了部落内部和部落边界的商品交换。进入奴隶社会,形成国家后,部分产品作为商品在国与国之间进行交换,产生了国际商品交换的萌芽。历经封建社会,到了资本主义社会,国际分工与国际交换得到进一步发展。马克思、思格斯曾指出:“资产阶级,由于开拓了世界市场,使一切国家的生产和消费都成为世界性的了。”随着商品经济的发展,西方关于国际分工与国际交换的理论也发展了。
In the later period of the primitive society, with the emergence of social division of labor, individual regions had the exchange of goods within the tribal and tribal boundaries. After entering the slave society and forming the country, some products were exchanged between the countries as commodities, which produced the seeds of international commodity exchange. Through the feudal society, to the capitalist society, international division of labor and international exchange have been further developed. Marx and Stigs once pointed out: “The bourgeoisie has opened up the world market, making all countries’ production and consumption become worldwide.” With the development of the commodity economy, the Western theory on international division of labor and international exchange also developed.