【摘 要】
:
Tin is of key importance to daily life and national security;it is considered an essential industrial metal.The United States(US)is the world\'s largest economy and consumer of natural resources.Therefore,the analysis of historical tin use in the US is
【机 构】
:
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key
论文部分内容阅读
Tin is of key importance to daily life and national security;it is considered an essential industrial metal.The United States(US)is the world\'s largest economy and consumer of natural resources.Therefore,the analysis of historical tin use in the US is helpful for understanding future tin use trends in the world as a whole and in developing countries.Time series analysis,regression analysis with GDP or GDP/capita,and historical data fitted with logistic and Gompertz models are employed in this study.Historical tin use in the US shows three stages—increase-constant-decrease,as GDP per capita has increased.Tin use in the US is negatively correlated with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector,while the use of tin worldwide and in China continues to increase along with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector.Although a sigmoid curve can fit the US tin use data well,that use is not directly related to the limited tin reserves or resources.Rather,policies,economic restructuring,substitutions,new end-use markets,etc.have played key roles in the changing tin use patterns.This work contributes to understanding future tin use at both the global and national levels:tin use will continue to increase with GDP at the global level,but use patterns of tin at the national level can be changed through human intervention.
其他文献
Indium gallium nitride(InGaN)based blue light-emitting diodes(LEDs)suffer from insufficient crystal quality and serious efficiency droop in large forward current.In this paper,the InGaN-based blue LEDs are grown on sputtered aluminum nitride(AlN)films to
Naturally occurring arsenic enrichment in groundwater poses a huge threat to human health.Air cathode electrocoagulation(ACEC)has recently been proposed to enhance As(Ⅲ)oxidation and lower energy consumption.In this study,ACEC,EC/O2 and EC/N2 were evaluat
The pollution caused by wet weather overflow in urban drainage systems is a main factor causing blackening an odorization of urban rivers.The conventional overflow treatment based on coagulation/flocculation in terminal drainage systems requires relativel
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)have been demonstrated in applications such as displays and solid-state lightings.However,weak stability and ineffi-cient emission of blue TADF OLEDs are two key bottlenecks
Nitrogen-cycling microorganisms play key roles at the intersection of microbiology and wastewater engineering.In addition to the well-studied ammonia oxidizing bacteria,nitrite oxidizing bacteria,heterotrophic denitrifiers,and anammox bacteria,there are s
In this paper,we proposed a quality of transmission(QoT)prediction technique for the quality of service(QoS)link setup based on machine learning classifiers,with synthetic data generated using the transmission equations instead of the Gaussian noise(GN)mo
Chromium slag usually contains various heavy metals,making its safe treatment difficult.Glass-ceramic sintering has been applied to resolve this issue and emerged as an effective method for metal immobilization by incorporating heavy metals into stable cr
Superfine copper particles could be directly prepared from waste printed circuit boards by slurry electrolysis.Meanwhile,copper fractal growth could be observed.To better understand this phenomenon,the factors that affect copper dendrites in a point-catho
This work investigates the influence of electrokinetic-bioremediation(EK-BIO)on remediating soil polluted by persistent organic pollutants(POPs)and heavy metals(mainly Cu,Pb and Ni),originated from electronic waste recycling activity.The results demonstra
This work aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater(CMW)on biological acidification.To reveal the inhibitory effect of wastewater to the anaerobic granular sludge(AnGS),variations of the specific acidogenic activit