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魏晋南北朝的地方官灾后救济存在着两条并行的轨道,其一是“法内”行为,即严格的“先表后给”程序,但救灾的实效性较差;其二是“被合法化”的“法外”行为,即擅自开仓与私产赈济,却弥补了制度链条的“实效性”缺失。其中,前者是当时灾后救济行为的主流,是中央对地方进行权力控制的一种反映;而后者则属于偶然出现的特殊行为,在其背后隐藏着特定历史时空下中央与地方权力的消长态势。这两种行为共同建构起魏晋南北朝地方官灾后救济的历史形象。对于史料有限的魏晋南北朝灾害史研究而言,挖掘文本叙述背后隐藏的历史记忆,重新建构中古史完整的史实序列,不失为一条崭新且有效的研究路径。
There are two parallel tracks for the post-disaster relief of local officials in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties. One of them is the “Faye” behavior, that is, the strict “ Is ”legal “ ”extralegal “ behavior, that is, unauthorized opening of private property and relief, but make up the system chain ”effect " is missing. Among them, the former is the mainstream of relief activities at that time and is a reflection of the central government’s control of power. The latter is a special act by chance. Behind it is the growth and decline of the power of the central and local authorities in a specific historical time. Together, these two acts establish the historical image of post-disaster relief for local officials in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. For the study of the history of the disaster in the Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties with limited historical materials, it is a new and effective research path to excavate the hidden historical memories behind the text narration and reconstruct the complete historical sequence of the Middle Ages.