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方言是语言的支系和变体,广义的方言包括地域方言和社会方言两个含义,本文所讨论的是狭义的方言,仅指前者。关于汉语方言的差异,史籍多有记载,汉代王充的《论衡》中已有“古今言殊,死方谈异”的论述;扬雄《方言》更是根据山川地理将汉语方言做了区分。造成方言差异的原因很多,既有语言自身发展的内部原因,也有包括自然地理、历史行政区划以及人口迁移等诸多外部因素。
Dialects are the branches and variants of language. The generalized dialects include geographical dialect and social dialect. The dialect discussed in this article only refers to the former. On the differences of Chinese dialects, there are many historical records, the “balance between ancient and modern” and “differences between dead and dead” in Wang Lun’s “Lun Heng” in the Han Dynasty have been discussed; Yang Xiong’s dialect is based on the mountain dialect The distinction. There are many reasons for the dialect differences, both internal reasons for the development of the language itself, as well as many external factors including natural geography, historical administrative divisions and population migration.