The main drawback of conventional braced frames is implicitly accepting structural damage under the design earthquake load, which leads to considerable economic
Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) is a key parameter in reinforced concrete design.It represents the stressstrain relationship in the elastic range and is used in the
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a relatively new technique for investigation of construction materials.In this study AFM was used to investigate the interactio