糖尿病昏迷,是内分泌代谢系统中最常见的急症,包括四种类型,现分述于下:一、酮症酸中毒昏迷:(一)病因及发病机理:糖、蛋白质、脂肪均在胰岛素适当供应下,进行着一系列的代谢,最终为三羧循环,达到彻底氧化,是人体热、能的来源,人体一般主要利用糖的分解,即能获得大部分的能量来源,其余可氧化一部分脂肪来供能,但当胰岛素严重缺乏时,胰升血糖素即增加,因此,利用糖产生热能的途径减弱,甚至停止,在胰升血糖素增加的情况下,加速了脂肪分解,大量脂肪酸由脂肪组织释出,经血液进入肝脏,脂肪酸经β氧化后,产生大量乙酰辅酶A,再经代谢而产生酮体,当超过肝脏所能利用的限度时,血酮即增加,酮体包括乙酰乙酸,β-羟 Diabetic coma is the most common emergency in the endocrine and metabolic system, including four types, are described below: First, ketoacidosis coma :( a) etiology and pathogenesis: sugar, protein, fat are in the appropriate supply of insulin , Undergoing a series of metabolism, the final cycle for the three carboxylate, to complete oxidation, the human body is hot, the source of energy, the human body generally uses the decomposition of sugar, which can get most of the energy source, the rest can oxidize part of the fat to However, glucagon is increased when there is a serious lack of insulin. Therefore, the use of sugar to produce heat energy is weakened or even stopped, and in the case of increased glucagon, lipolysis is accelerated, and a large amount of fatty acids are produced by adipose tissue Released by the blood into the liver, fatty acids by β oxidation, resulting in a large number of acetyl-CoA, and then metabolized to produce ketone bodies, when more than the liver can limit the use of blood ketone that increase, ketones, including acetoacetate, β -hydroxyl