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乙肝病毒感染是慢性乙肝发病的最常见原因。据世界卫生组织统计,全球20亿人感染乙肝病毒,35 000万人慢性感染,每年约有60万人死于乙肝。为了防治乙肝,乙肝疫苗和免疫球蛋白现在已被许多国家用于乙肝免疫。这大大降低了乙肝的感染率,同时也降低了肝硬化和肝细胞性肝癌的发生率。但由于宫内感染和免疫失败的存在,这两种方法并不能完全阻断乙肝病毒的传播。了解乙肝的宫内传播机制与免疫失败之间的关系对于预防宫内感染和乙肝的垂直传播具有重大意义,作者即对乙肝的宫内传播机制和免疫失败的关系作一综述。
Hepatitis B virus infection is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis B disease. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, 2 billion people worldwide are infected with hepatitis B virus and 350 million people are chronically infected. About 600,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. In order to prevent hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin have now been used in many countries for hepatitis B immunization. This greatly reduces the infection rate of hepatitis B, but also reduces the incidence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, due to intrauterine infection and immune failure, these two methods do not completely block the spread of hepatitis B virus. To understand the relationship between the mechanism of intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B and immune failure for the prevention of intrauterine infection and the vertical transmission of hepatitis B is of great significance, the author of hepatitis B intrauterine transmission mechanism and the relationship between immune failure are reviewed.