在生理性抗凝物质中,抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)是血浆中天然抑制物中最重要的一种。AT-Ⅲ缺乏可以是先天性的,也可以是后天继发的,临床上往往伴有血栓形成。新近研究发现两种新的具有抗凝作用的蛋白质,即蛋白 C 和蛋白 S。这两者中任一种缺乏均可出现血栓栓塞症。本文对上述三种生理性抗凝物质的研究进展作综述,有关这三者之间的内在联系尚待进一步研究。 Among the physiological anticoagulants, antithrombin III (AT-III) is the most important of the natural inhibitors of plasma. AT-III deficiency can be congenital, it can be acquired secondary, clinically often accompanied by thrombosis. Recent studies have found two new anticoagulant proteins, protein C and protein S. Thromboembolism can occur in either of these conditions. This article reviews the progress of the above three kinds of physiological anticoagulant substances, the internal relationship between the three remains to be further studied.