咳嗽、气喘、呼吸困难。左心衰往往最初表现为频繁咳嗽(多为干咳)或胸闷、气短,活动后尤其明显。有人夜间突然憋醒,坐起后症状才能缓解。由于老年人多合并慢性呼吸道疾病,当左心衰以呼吸道症状为突出表现时,常常被误诊为支气管炎或哮喘发作。呕吐、腹痛、腹泻,主要见于右 Cough, asthma, difficulty breathing. Left heart failure often initially manifested as frequent cough (mostly dry cough) or chest tightness, shortness of breath, especially after the event. Suddenly someone awake at night, sit up after the symptoms can be alleviated. Because of the combination of chronic respiratory disease in older adults, left heart failure is often misdiagnosed as bronchitis or asthma when it is characterized by respiratory symptoms. Vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, mainly seen in the right