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以垦鉴稻5号为材料,采用负压式土壤湿度计监测土壤水势,通过防雨棚内的盆栽控水试验,较系统地研究了结实期水分供应对寒地水稻灌浆动态和产量影响。主要研究结果如下:结实期进行-8～-10 kPa的间歇控水处理,垦鉴稻5号的穗数减少,穗粒数和结实率增加,千粒重和经济产量降低;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的G軍、Gmax、和I值均升高;垦鉴稻5号中势粒的活跃生长期D延长,优、劣势粒的相反;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的Wmax.G值均降低。结实期进行-18～-20 kPa和-28～-30 kPa的持续控水处理,垦鉴稻5号的穗数减少,穗粒数增加,结实率、千粒重和经济产量降低;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的G軍和Gmax值均升高;垦鉴稻5号优势粒的I值降低,中、劣势粒的相反;垦鉴稻5号各粒位的活跃生长期D缩短;垦鉴稻5号劣势粒的Wmax.G值均降低,优、中势粒的相反。结实前进行-8～-10 kPa的间歇控水处理可作为寒地水稻增产保优灌溉的土壤水势指标;结实前不宜持续进行土壤水势为-18～-20 kPa以下的控水处理。
Taking Kenjian 5 as the material, the negative pressure soil moisture meter was used to monitor the soil water potential. Through the potted water control experiment in the shelter, the effect of moisture supply during grain filling stage on the dynamics and yield of paddy rice in cold region was systematically studied. The main research results are as follows: The intermittent water treatment of -8 ~ -10 kPa was carried out during the grain-filling period. The number of panicles of Kenjian 5 was decreased, the grains per spike and seed setting rate increased, the grain weight and economic yield decreased. G-value, Gmax, and I-values of grain position were all increased; the active growth phase D of Kenjiao 5 was prolonged, and the opposite was found between superior and inferior grains; Wmax.G value Are lower. During the grain-filling period, the continuous water control treatments of -18 ~ -20 kPa and -28 ~ -30 kPa were carried out. The number of panicles of Kenjian 5 decreased, the number of grains per spike increased, the seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and economic yield decreased. G army and Gmax values increased at each grain position. The I value of dominant grains in Kenjian 5 was decreased, and the opposite of middle and inferior grains. The active growth period D of each grain of Kenjian 5 was shortened. Wmax.G values of inferior grains of rice No.5 were decreased, and the opposite of the superior and medium grains. The intermittent water control before -8 ~ -10 kPa could be used as soil water potential index to increase yield and irrigation in cold paddy field.