围产儿期多种因素可能会对儿童听力产生远期影响。若新生儿和婴幼儿听觉能力下降或缺失，将有碍其言语能力发展和神经系统的发育，对社交、情感、认知和学习等产生不利的影响。听力损害危害性大，几乎是不可逆的。下述新生儿常见听力受损高危因素，为便于记忆，高危因素以字母 Various factors of perinatal infancy may have long-term effects on children’s hearing. Decreasing or missing hearing ability in newborns and infants and young children will impair their ability to develop speech and develop the nervous system, adversely affecting social, emotional, cognitive and learning outcomes. Hearing damage is harmful and almost irreversible. The following neonatal common high-risk hearing loss factors, in order to facilitate memory, high-risk factors to letters