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目的了解本地区出院死亡病例的分布特征和变化趋势,为疾病的重点防治和医疗资源的合理配置提供依据。方法对我院2008年-2012年所有出院死亡病例进行回顾性统计分析。结果 (1)5年来出院病例132377例,死亡504例,病死率0.38%,病死率呈现逐年降低趋势;(2)男性与女性住院患者基本持平,但男性死亡病例明显高于女性(χ2=46.62,P<0.05);(3)41岁以下患者的病死率随年龄递增逐渐降低,中年患者病死率最低,40岁以上患者的病死率随年龄递增逐渐升高,70岁以上患者病死率急速上升;(4)前五位死因分别是循环系统疾病(46.1%)、损伤和中毒(18.2%)、恶性肿瘤(6.4%)、呼吸系统疾病(50%)以及消化系统疾病(4.8%);(5)前五位直接导致死亡的疾病分别是急性心肌梗死(17.9%)、颅内损伤(9.4%)、心绞痛(6.2%)、肺栓塞(3.8%)以及支气管和肺恶性肿瘤(2.8%)。结论为降低病死率,应加强对循环系统疾病、损伤和中毒、恶性肿瘤等重点疾病,尤其是65岁以上老年人心血管疾病的重点防治,以提高居民生命质量。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics and trends of discharge and death in this area and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of diseases and the rational allocation of medical resources. Methods A retrospective statistical analysis was performed on all discharged cases in our hospital from 2008 to 2012. Results (1) 132377 cases were discharged in 5 years, 504 cases died, the case fatality rate was 0.38%, and the case fatality rate decreased year by year. (2) The male and female hospitalized patients were basically the same, but the male deaths were significantly higher than those of the female (χ2 = 46.62 , P <0.05). (3) The mortality rate of patients under 41 years old gradually decreased with the increase of age. The case fatality rate of middle age patients was the lowest. The mortality rate of patients over 40 years old gradually increased with age. (46.1%), injuries and poisoning (18.2%), malignant tumors (6.4%), respiratory diseases (50%) and digestive diseases (4.8%), respectively; (5) The top five direct causes of death were acute myocardial infarction (17.9%), intracranial injury (9.4%), angina pectoris (6.2%), pulmonary embolism (3.8%) and bronchial and lung malignancies (2.8% ). Conclusion In order to reduce the mortality rate, we should strengthen the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases such as diseases, injuries, poisoning and malignant tumors of the circulatory system, especially cardiovascular diseases in the elderly over 65 years old so as to improve the quality of life of residents.