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目的评价中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区)2005年麻疹实验室网络的运转情况。方法分析全国2005年麻疹实验室网络监测数据库、中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹实验室血清学和病毒学监测数据库,评价中国麻疹实验室网络运转的各项指标。结果①血清学监测:2005年,除新疆维吾尔自治区外,30个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)总计报告疑似麻疹爆发941起,检测麻疹可疑病例血清标本16017份,IgM抗体检测阳性率达81%,实验室证实麻疹爆发872起。16个省开展了风疹监测,总计检测可疑风疹病例血清标本1187份,风疹IgM抗体检测阳性率为62%。②病毒学监测:2005年16个省级CDC麻疹实验室共送检188株麻疹病毒,经证实全部属于麻疹野病毒H1基因型,显示H1基因型仍是中国麻疹流行的绝对优势基因型。其中河北、山东、浙江省发现有H1b基因亚型在局部地区流行,其余毒株均为H1a基因亚型,说明H1a基因亚型仍为中国优势流行基因亚型。③实验室质量控制和管理:2005年国家麻疹实验室以优异的成绩通过世界卫生组织(WHO)的2004~2005年度职能考核和现场认证;除西藏自治区外,30个省级CDC麻疹实验室通过了2005年度由国家麻疹实验室组织的血清标本检测结果复核和盲样标本职能考核;山东、山西、贵州、吉林、天津5个省级CDC麻疹实验室通过了实验室现场考核认证。结论中国2005年麻疹实验室网络运转良好,并建立了比较健全的质量控制体系,为麻疹爆发的早期诊断、及时控制发挥了重要作用;并丰富了麻疹病毒学基因数据库,为2012年消除麻疹提供了本底资料。
Objective To evaluate the operation of the 2005 measles laboratory network in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan). Methods The database of the national measles laboratory network monitoring database in 2005, the serological and virological monitoring database of the national measles laboratory of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) virus prevention and control were analyzed to evaluate the indicators of the network operation of the measles laboratory in China. Results ① Serological surveillance: In 2005, 941 cases of suspected measles outbreaks were detected in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) except 160 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The positive rate of IgM antibody detection was 81.17 %, Laboratory confirmed 872 cases of measles outbreak. Rubella surveillance was conducted in 16 provinces. A total of 1187 serum samples of suspected rubella cases were detected, and the positive rate of rubella IgM antibody detection was 62%. ② virological monitoring: In 2005, 16 provincial CDC measles laboratories sent a total of 188 measles viruses, which were all confirmed to belong to the wild type H1N1 measles virus. The H1 genotype is still the dominant genotype of measles in China. Among them, H1b subtype was found to be endemic in some areas in Hebei, Shandong and Zhejiang Provinces. The remaining strains were all H1a subtypes, indicating that subtype H1a is still the most prevalent genotype in China. ③ laboratory quality control and management: 2005 national measles laboratory with excellent results through the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004-2005 annual performance appraisal and on-site certification; except Tibet Autonomous Region, 30 provincial-level CDC measles laboratory through In 2005, the national measles laboratory organized the examination of serum samples and the functions of blind samples; the provincial CDC measles laboratories in Shandong, Shanxi, Guizhou, Jilin and Tianjin passed the laboratory field test and certification. Conclusion The network of measles laboratories in China operated well in 2005 and established a relatively sound quality control system, which has played an important role in the early diagnosis and timely control of measles outbreaks. The measles virology database has been enriched to provide measles eradication in 2012 The background information.