北京四合院是我国一种传统的院落式封闭性住宅,在它的建筑与结构以及房屋各个部位都要受封建社会礼制风俗的限制。一所四合院住宅首先给人们印象最深的要算是门楼了。门楼突出的,使人容易看到的则是两扇街门。然而,街门上的两物件往往不引人注目,而它又是明显地表示房屋主人的社会地位与经济条件的重要标志。一是街 Beijing Courtyard House is a kind of traditional courtyard-style closed house in China. Its architecture and structure as well as various parts of houses must be restricted by the etiquette and customs of feudal society. The first thing a house in a courtyard has to give people the deepest impression is the gatehouse. The gatehouse is prominent and easy to see is two street doors. However, the two objects on the street door are often unobtrusive, and it is an important sign that clearly shows the social status and economic conditions of the homeowner. One is Street