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在美国、人力资源指人类可用于生产产品或提供服务的活力、技能和知识(伊凡·伯格)。职业教育则是试图提高劳动力的知识和技能(包括专业能力、社交能力和政治能力)的所有有组织的学习活动(T·斯库乐尔)。但尽管长期以来职业教育被认为同就业政策之间有着密切的联系,职业教育在美国的兴盛却是五六十年代以后的事情。今天,美国社会给予就业教育以高度的重视,它甚至被确认为同失业政策措施同样是一种有效的抵制失业的缓冲剂(斯罗尼尔),对个人而言,职业教育意味着“可就业性”程度的提高。随着美国劳动力市场的结构变动和人才竞争的加剧,职业教育的重要性也与日剧增。 一、美国职业教育的目的。 在美国职业政策领域中,广泛存
In the United States, human resources refer to the energy, skills and knowledge that human beings can use to produce goods or provide services (Ivan Burger). Vocational education is all organized learning activity (T. Skuller) that attempts to raise the knowledge and skills of the workforce (including professional competence, social skills and political competence). However, although vocational education has long been regarded as having a close relationship with employment policies, the rise of vocational education in the United States is something after the 1950s and 1960s. Today, American society places a high priority on job education, and it is even recognized as an equally effective buffer against unemployment (Slovenia), as is unemployment policy measures. For individuals, vocational education means “ Employment ”level of improvement. With the structural changes in the labor market in the United States and the intensification of talent competition, the importance of vocational education has also risen sharply with that of Japan. First, the purpose of the United States occupation education. In the field of American occupation policy, it is widely available