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目的探索建立学龄前困难型气质类型儿童的系统性干预方法。方法对北京市西城区1所幼儿园学前儿童采用《3~7岁儿童气质问卷》评价并确定困难型气质儿童19人,经家长知情同意后,采用家长应对式培训、行为干预和亲子游戏等综合性干预措施。干预8周后重新评价儿童的气质,并采取自编家长反馈表请家长对干预措施进行全面评价。结果干预后儿童气质困难型比例明显下降,比较干预前后气质类型的变化,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);比较干预前后儿童气质维度的变化,在趋避性、适应性、反应强度、情绪本质、注意分散度五个气质维度上出现显著变化(P<0.05)。家长反馈结果显示对系统性干预方法满意,实现了家长的预期目标、家长获得了新的信息,且干预内容实用、家长易于接受,100%的家长都支持小组活动的干预形式。结论采用简单易行、家长易于接受的干预方法,能使困难型气质儿童的趋避性、适应性、反应强度情绪本质及注意分散维度发生一定程度的改变。
Objective To explore a systematic intervention method for establishing pre-school-aged temperament type children. Methods The pre-school children in a kindergarten in Xicheng District of Beijing were evaluated with “3 to 7-year-old children’s temperament questionnaire” and 19 children with difficult temperament were identified. After parents ’informed consent, they adopted parents’ coping style training, behavioral intervention and parent-child game combination Sexual interventions. After 8 weeks of intervention, re-evaluate the temperament of children and take a self-compiled parent feedback form asking parents to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of interventions. Results The percentage of children with temperament was significantly decreased after intervention. The changes of temperament types before and after intervention were statistically significant (P = 0.000). The changes of children’s temperament before and after intervention were compared in terms of evasion, adaptability, reaction intensity, emotion Nature, pay attention to the dispersion of the five temperament dimensions showed significant changes (P <0.05). Parental feedback showed satisfaction with systemic interventions, parental expectations, parental access to new information, practical interventions for parents, easy access by parents, and 100% of parents supporting group interventions. Conclusions The simple and easy-to-accept method of intervention by parents makes it possible to change the evasion and adaptability, the emotional nature of the reaction intensity and the attentional distraction dimension of the children with difficult temperament to some extent.