伯纳德·威廉斯将康德伦理学勘定为“奇特的道德体系”并提出了批评。他从行动者的独特视角出发,对康德伦理学的三个特征及其破坏性效应展开批判:义务的动机实属多此一举,这忽视了行动者的个性,不偏不倚的道德要求使得我们建立了冷漠的个人关系,至高无上的主题的不合理要求侵犯了个人的完整性。许多学者的回应与质疑进一步阐释与扩展了威廉斯的批评,并构成了现代道德哲学论争的新主题与视线,同时也代表着一些主流的社会与政治理论。 Bernard Williams put Kant Ethics as a “peculiar moral system” and put forward criticism. From a unique perspective of actors, he criticized the three characteristics of Kant’s ethics and their devastating effects: the motivation of the obligation was superfluous, which neglected the individuality of the actor and the unbiased moral requirement enabled us to establish Indifferent personal relations, the unreasonable demands of supremacy, violate personal integrity. Many scholars ’responses and questions further explain and expand Williams’ criticism, and form the new theme and line of sight of modern moral philosophy debate. At the same time they also represent some mainstream social and political theories.