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目的:评估高蛋白饮食对超重肥胖患儿人体测量指标及血脂的影响，为超重肥胖患儿的饮食管理提供依据。方法:Meta分析，分别以“child”“adolescent”“obesity”“overweight”“pediatric obesity”“weight loss”“dietary protein”“dietary carbohydrate”“caloric restrict”或“儿童”“青少年”“超重”“肥胖”“膳食蛋白质”“膳食碳水化合物”为关键词，系统检索PubMed、Web of science、Embase、Cochrane Library和中国知网等数据库中建库至2022年1月19日发表的有关高蛋白饮食对超重肥胖患儿人体测量指标或血脂指标影响的随机对照试验的文献。根据Cochrane偏倚风险评估标准对纳入的文献进行质量评价，具体包括随机化过程偏倚、偏离既定干预措施的偏倚、结局数据缺失的偏倚、结局测量的偏倚、选择性报告结果的偏倚等。利用Review Manager 5.4和Stata 16.0软件分析数据，计算合并的均数差（95%n CI）、检验异质性、评估发表偏倚。n 结果:从检索的4 836篇文献中，最终纳入8篇文献，均为英文文献，样本量为14~120名。相对于标准蛋白饮食组，高蛋白饮食组干预后的体质指数（均数差=-0.66，95%n CI -1.76~0.44）、体质指数Z评分（均数差=-0.09，95%n CI -0.23~0.05）、脂肪含量百分比（均数差=-1.07，95%n CI -2.88~0.74）、高密度脂蛋白（均数差=0.02，95%n CI -0.02~0.06）和低密度脂蛋白（均数差=0.04，95%n CI -0.08~0.17）的差异均无统计学意义（n P=0.240、0.220、0.250、0.360和0.480）。敏感性分析结果显示，在短期干预的情况下，两组饮食间干预后的体质指数差异有统计学意义（均数差=-1.60，95%n CI -3.14~-0.06，n P=0.040）。n 结论:短期高蛋白饮食干预能够改善超重肥胖患儿的体质指数状态，但尚未发现高蛋白饮食干预对其他人体测量指标及血脂的影响，需要更多的大样本高质量研究进一步论证。“,”Objective:To evaluate the effects of a high-protein diet on anthropometric indices and blood lipid in overweight and obese children and provide evidence for their dietary management.Methods:This was a Meta-analysis. The randomized controlled trials on the effects of a high-protein diet on anthropometric indices and blood lipid in overweight and obese children published up to January 19, 2022 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and CNKI database, with the key words of “child” “adolescent” “obesity” “overweight” “pediatric obesity” “weight loss” “dietary protein” “dietary carbohydrate” “caloric restrict” both in English and Chinese. The quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the “risk of bias” assessment tool, which included bias from the randomization process, deviation from intended interventions, missing outcome data, measurement of the outcome and selection of the reported results. Moreover, calculated the pooled mean difference, perform heterogeneity test, and assess publication bias.Results:A total of 8 articles were selected from the retrieved 4 836 articles, all in English. The sample sizes ranged from 4 to 120. The analysis showed that the post-intervention body mass index (mean difference (n MD)=-0.66, 95%n CI -1.76-0.44), body mass index Z-scores (n MD=-0.09, 95%n CI-0.23-0.05), fat content percentage (n MD=-1.07, 95%n CI-2.88-0.74), high density lipoprotein (n MD=0.02, 95%n CI-0.02-0.06) and low density lipoprotein (n MD=0.04, 95%n CI-0.08-0.17) were not significantly different with those of the standard protein diet group, withn P values being 0.240, 0.220, 0.250, 0.360 and 0.480, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that after excluding one study, the difference in body mass index between the short-term intervention group and control group was statistically significant (n MD=-1.60, 95%n CI-3.14--0.06, n P=0.040).n Conclusions:A short-term high-protein diet intervention seems to improve the body mass index status of overweight and obese children. Nevertheless, a high-protein diet does not affect any other selected anthropometric indices and blood lipids. More studies with large sample sizes, higher quality and comparable standard of high-protein diet are needed for further demonstration.