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本文报导了1983～1984年北京市城区(宣武区),近郊区(西红门)和远郊区(大皮营)母乳脂质成分的测定结果,并结合乳母营养状况给予评价。 共测定了207例母乳比重,平均范围在1.018～1.023之间;测定了216例母乳的脂肪含量(g/100g乳),城区平均值为3.78,近郊区为3.31,远郊区为3.08,城区的显著较高;测定了194例母乳胆固醇含量,初乳的最高(23.4mg/100g乳),以后逐渐减低,到第三个月后达稳定水平(约10mg/100g乳),三个调查点的情况相同,测定了221例母乳的脂肪酸组成,其主要成分为油酸(29～37％),棕榈酸(17～25％)和亚油酸(12～25％),远郊区母乳中所含的必需脂肪酸显著较高。 统计分析证明三个地区的乳脂含量(％)与乳胆固醇含量(mg/100g乳)间有显著性相关(P<0.01);188例乳母的膳食脂肪摄入量(g/日或％kcal)与乳脂含量间也有显著性相关(P<0.05),此结果表明,北京城乡母乳的乳脂含量可能受膳食脂质与量的影响,其脂肪酸组成的特点是亚油酸含量高,反映了我国人民以素食为主的饮食习惯。乳中的必需脂肪酸供给量可满足婴儿所需,胆固醇供给量为70～85mg/d,可作为同龄婴儿自母乳摄入量的参考。
This paper reports the results of the determination of breast milk lipid composition in the urban areas of Beijing (Xuanwu District), the suburbs (Xiximen) and the outer suburbs (Dapiying) from 1983 to 1984, and reviews their nutritional status. A total of 207 breast milk samples were tested for their specific gravity, ranging from 1.018 to 1.023. 216 samples of breast milk were determined for fat content (g / 100g milk), with an average of 3.78 in urban areas, 3.31 in suburbs and 3.08 in outer suburbs Was significantly higher; 194 cases of breast milk cholesterol content, the highest colostrum (23.4mg / 100g milk), and then gradually decreased until the third month after reaching a stable level (about 10mg / 100g milk), the three survey points In the same condition, the fatty acid composition of 221 breast milk samples was determined. The main components were oleic acid (29-37%), palmitic acid (17-25%) and linoleic acid (12-25%), The essential fatty acids are significantly higher. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between milk fat content (%) and milk cholesterol content (mg / 100g milk) in the three regions (P <0.01). Dietary fat intake (g / day or% kcal) (P <0.05). The results showed that the content of milk fat in Beijing urban and rural areas may be affected by dietary lipid and amount, and the fatty acid composition is characterized by high content of linoleic acid, which reflects that Chinese people Vegetarian-based diet. The amount of essential fatty acids in the milk is sufficient to meet the needs of infants, with a cholesterol supply of 70-85 mg / day, which is considered as a reference for breast-feeding of infants from the same age.