Background:It has been demonstrated that only 10%-20% cigarette smokers finally suffer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The underlying mechanism of de
Background:Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is an important complication of carotid endarterectomy (CEA).An > 100% increase in middle cerebral artery velocity (MC
Background:There are few studies for evaluating wall characteristics of intracranial vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH).The aim of this study was to determine wa