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目的了解首剂脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)纳入免疫规划(EPI)前宁波市鄞州区儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗(PV)接种情况。方法通过宁波市免疫规划信息管理系统收集2011—2014年出生,且全程完成PV基础免疫的儿童接种资料,对首针PV(PV1)和基础免疫程序构成情况做描述性统计分析。结果鄞州区儿童基础免疫全程接种率为99.91%。儿童PV1以脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)为主,占72.11%,IPV与吸附无细胞百白破、灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(DTa P-IPV/Hib)分别占16.30%和11.59%。基础免疫程序以OPV全程(O-O-O型)为主,占71.85%,替代程序以IPV全程(I-I-I型)和DTa P-IPV/Hib全程(D-D-D型)为主,分别占15.05%和11.50%。不同户籍、地区、出生年份及经济水平儿童的PV1采用疫苗和基础免疫程序构成均有所不同(P<0.01)。出生年份越晚的儿童,PV1采用OPV的比例越低,采用IPV和DTa PIPV/Hib的比例相对越高;基础免疫采用O-O-O型的比例越低,采用I-I-I型和D-D-D型的比例相对越高(均P<0.01)。结论鄞州区儿童PV基础免疫全程接种率高,PV1和基础免疫全程接种灭活类脊灰疫苗比例呈逐年增高趋势,在首剂IPV纳入EPI前已具备一定工作基础,但应注意人群和地区差异。
Objective To understand the situation of children’s poliomyelitis (PV) vaccination in Ningbo Yinzhou District before the first dose of poliomyelitis inactivated vaccine (IPV) was incorporated into the immunization program (EPI). Methods The information of immunization program was collected from Ningbo City in 2011-2014 to complete the vaccination of children with PV-based immunization. The PV-PV1 and the basic immunization programs were descriptively analyzed. Results The whole immunization coverage rate of children’s basic immunization in Yinzhou District was 99.91%. Children with PV1 live attenuated live poliovirus (OPV), accounting for 72.11%, IPV and adsorption of cell-free baibaban, inactivated polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b (combination) combination vaccine (DTa P-IPV / Hib) accounted for 16.30% and 11.59% respectively. The primary immunization program was dominated by OPV O-O type, accounting for 71.85%. The alternative procedure was dominated by IPV full scale (I-I-I type) and DTa P-IPV / Hib full scale (D-D-D type), accounting for 15.05% and 11.50% respectively. The PV1 vaccines and basic immunization programs of PV1 in children with different domicile, region, year of birth and economy were all different (P <0.01). The younger the birth year, the lower the proportion of PV1 using OPV, the higher the proportion of IPV and DTa PIPV / Hib; the lower the proportion of basic immunization using OOO and the higher proportion of type III and DDD All P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The vaccination rate of PV basic immune in children in Yinzhou District is high. The proportion of PV1-based immunization inoculated with inactivated poliovirus has been increasing year by year. It is necessary to pay attention to the population and regional differences before the first dose of IPV is included in EPI .