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绿水是降水渗透到非饱和土壤中用于植物生长的不可见的水,绿水与蓝水相对应,是陆地淡水系统的重要组成部分。长久以来,人类在水资源利用和管理方面都集中在可见的蓝水,而忽略了生产性绿水的管理与利用。本文以南水北调中线水源区堵河上游流域为研究区域,围绕水源区水源保护目标,将绿水管理与生态补偿相结合,构建了基于绿水管理的水源区生态补偿框架,通过SWAT模型对管理措施进行效果模拟,以此确定绿水管理的生态补偿标准。研究结果表明,梯田、石线、等高耕作和地表覆盖4种绿水管理措施在水源涵养、水土保持和水质保护方面均产生了良好效益,并且效益成本比均大于1,适合在水源区进行应用和推广,绿水管理生态补偿标准为1784万元/a,平均为每年343.5元/hm2。绿水管理生态补偿机制具有长效性、稳定性和能够提高农民保护水源积极性等优势,可为水源区生态补偿提供借鉴。
Green water is an invisible water that plants infiltrate into unsaturated soil through precipitation. Green water corresponds to blue water and is an important part of terrestrial freshwater systems. For a long time, human beings have concentrated their attention on the visible blue water in terms of water resources utilization and management, while neglecting the management and utilization of productive green water. Based on the target of water source protection in the water source area of the Middle Reaches of the Middle Reaches of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, combining the green water management and ecological compensation, an ecological compensation framework for water source areas based on green water management was constructed. Through the SWAT model, Simulation results, in order to determine the ecological compensation standards for green water management. The results show that the four green water management measures such as terrace, stalagmite, contour tillage and surface cover have good benefits in terms of water conservation, soil and water conservation and water quality protection, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is greater than 1, which is suitable for water source area Application and promotion, the ecological compensation standard for green water management is 17.84 million yuan / a, with an average of 343.5 yuan / hm2 per year. The ecological compensation mechanism of green water management has the advantages of long-lasting, stable and can improve farmers’ enthusiasm in protecting water resources, which can provide reference for ecological compensation in water source area.