目的探讨亚麻油对子代小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法将交配成功后的ICR雌鼠随机分成亚麻油低、中、高剂量组、DHA及花生油组,灌胃至子代小鼠断乳;对子代小鼠行Morris水迷宫实验,测定其脑组织中NO、NOS含量及AchE活性,气相色谱法测定其脑组织中脂肪酸含量。结果水迷宫结果提示亚麻油低、高剂量组及DHA组潜伏期显著低于花生油组(P<0.05),且亚麻油高剂量组潜伏期最短(P<0.05);生化结果显示亚麻油低、中、高剂量组及DHA组NO、NOS含量及AchE活性均显著低于花生油组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脑脂肪含量测定结果显示亚麻油高剂量组及DHA组子代小鼠脑组织中α-亚麻酸含量显著高于花生油组(P<0.05),且高剂量组含量最高(P<0.05);亚麻油中、高剂量组DHA含量高于DHA组(P<0.05)。结论亚麻油能提高子代小鼠的学习记忆能力,可能与其降低小鼠脑组织中NO、NOS含量、抑制AchE活性及增加脑组织中α-亚麻酸含量及DHA含量有关。 Objective To investigate the influence of linseed oil on learning and memory abilities of offspring mice. Methods Female ICR mice after mating were randomly divided into low, middle and high dose linseed oil group, DHA and peanut oil group, and weaned mice were weaned to offspring. Morris water maze test was performed on offspring mice to determine their brain NO and NOS contents and AchE activity in tissues were measured. The content of fatty acids in brain tissue was determined by gas chromatography. Results The water maze results suggested that the latency of low, high-dose and DHA groups was significantly lower than that of peanut oil group (P <0.05), and the latency of high-dose linseed oil group was the shortest (P <0.05) The contents of NO, NOS and AchE in high dose group and DHA group were significantly lower than those in peanut oil group (P <0.05), but there were no significant differences among the other groups (P> 0.05). The results of brain fat content showed that high dose of linseed oil (P <0.05), and the content of α-linolenic acid was the highest in the high dose group (P <0.05). The content of DHA in the medium and high dose group of linseed oil was higher than that of the peanut oil group DHA group (P <0.05). Conclusion Linseed oil can improve learning and memory abilities in offspring mice, which may be related to the decrease of NO and NOS content, the inhibition of AchE activity and the increase of α-linolenic acid content and DHA content in brain tissue of mice.