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维生素D缺乏/不足近年来在全世界各年龄段人群中都非常普遍。维生素D在糖尿病发展过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。1型糖尿病患者常常具有骨健康风险,这与维生素D代谢异常关系密切。糖尿病患者并发维生素D缺乏的机制是多样的,涉及到内分泌紊乱引起的维生素D合成减少、炎症细胞因子影响、微血管病相关血流量减少等。2型糖尿病患者通常主要会出现胰岛B细胞功能、胰岛素敏感性、以及系统性的炎症反应三方面的缺陷。维生素D对胰岛素分泌有直接和间接的影响。胰岛素抵抗会引起肠激素抵抗,氧化应激,胰岛B细胞功能失调,以及基因和行为因素,都会促进肥胖个体中糖尿病发展。补充维生素D可能有利于改善胰岛素敏感性,有助于糖尿病的治疗。
Lack of vitamin D / deficiency in recent years in all age groups in the world are very common. Vitamin D plays a very important role in the development of diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes often have a bone health risk, which is closely linked to abnormal vitamin D metabolism. Diabetic patients complicated by vitamin D deficiency is a variety of mechanisms, related to endocrine disorders caused by reduced vitamin D synthesis, inflammatory cytokines, microvascular disease-related blood flow reduction. Patients with type 2 diabetes usually have mainly three defects in pancreatic B-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammatory response. Vitamin D has a direct and indirect effect on insulin secretion. Insulin resistance causes ghrelin resistance, oxidative stress, islet B cell dysfunction, and genetic and behavioral factors that promote the development of diabetes in obese individuals. Vitamin D supplementation may help improve insulin sensitivity and help treat diabetes.