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去大骨瓣减压术后迟发性血肿因其高致死率及致残率而受到重视。目前迟发性血肿的发病机制主要有填塞效应解除及微血管功能障碍两种假说，而术前颅内压增高、中线结构偏移及颅骨骨折等则是迟发性血肿发生的危险因素。及时对去大骨瓣减压术后迟发性血肿进行早期预测、诊断及治疗对改善患者预后可能有帮助，但是目前尚无明确定论，有待建立前瞻性研究和实验模型进行确定。“,”The delayed intracranial hematoma after decompressive craniectomy is highly attended because of its high mortality and disability .The mechanisms of delayed intracranial hematoma include the release of tamponade effect and dysfunction of microvascular circulation .Increased intracranial pressure,mid-line shift of the brain,cranial fracture are the risk factors of delayed intracranial hematoma .Early prediction, diagnosis and therapy of delayed intracranial hematoma are critical and may improve the prognosis .However perspective study and experimental model are still needed for confirmation .