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目的 了解综合医院心理咨询门诊儿童咨询者的有关特征和疾病分布特点。方法 采用自制调查表,按照顺序收集近3年来12岁以下,且就诊2次以上409例咨询者的资料,并进行分析。结果 ①409例咨询者中,6～12岁儿童占84％。②就诊原因:疾病诊治(49.9％),学习困难(22.2％),要求写诊断证明(21.3％),咨询教育方法(6.6％)。③心理咨询涉及21种精神障碍,位于前三位的诊断是:精神发育迟滞(25.7％),儿童情绪障碍(20.5％)和多动综合征(16.9％)。结论 儿童、少年期心理问题较多;涉及的精神障碍较为广泛,应注意教养方式、提高家长素质和少儿精神卫生知识的宣传和普及。
Objective To understand the characteristics and disease distribution of children’s counselors in counseling clinics in general hospitals. Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to collect and analyze the data of 409 counselors who were under 12 years of age in recent 3 years and were treated twice or more. Results ①409 cases of counselors, children aged 6 to 12 accounted for 84%. ② reasons for medical treatment: diagnosis and treatment of diseases (49.9%), learning difficulties (22.2%), required to write a diagnosis of diagnosis (21.3%), consulting education (6.6%). Psychological counseling involves 21 kinds of mental disorders. The top three diagnoses are mental retardation (25.7%), children with emotional disorders (20.5%) and hyperactivity syndrome (16.9%). Conclusion There are more mental problems in children and adolescences. The mental disorders involved are more extensive. We should pay attention to the mode of parenting and improve the publicity and popularization of parents’ qualities and children’s mental health knowledge.