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胆红素脑病（ BE）是新生儿在发生高胆红素血症时，并在多种因素作用下使胆红素进入中枢神经，从而导致的神经系统功能损伤。如患儿在发病初期不能尽早发现，会导致患儿神经系统发育障碍，并对患儿的未来生长发育造成不可逆的神经损害。随着磁共振成像检查技术的普及以及磁共振波谱的出现，并广泛应用于临床，为早期发现新生儿 BE 并及时进行治疗提高预后带来新的希望。“,”Bilirubin encephalopathy( BE) refers to bilirubin entering the central nervous system of a newborn due to the high blood bilirubin and under the influence of various factors,which leads to the func-tional injury of nervous system.If the disease cannot be found at early stage,it would lead to the neurological developmental disorders,and cause irreversible nerve damage to the future growth and development of the children.With the popularization of magnetic resonance imaging and the emergence of magnetic resonance spectrum,new hope has been brought to the early discovery and timely treatment to improve the prognosis of neonatal BE.