目的回顾基层医院初期开展白内障超声乳化手术的主要并发症情况,探讨其防范措施。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象房山区第一医院初期开展的184例(188眼)超声乳化白内障手术患者。方法行上方角膜缘隧道切口超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入手术,观察记录术中、术后出现的并发症情况。随访3～6个月。主要指标手术并发症发生率。结果术中出现的主要并发症有后囊膜破裂8眼(4.3%),虹膜损伤2眼(1.1%)。术后早期并发症有角膜内皮水肿23眼(12.2%),葡萄膜炎16眼(8.5%),高眼压4眼(2.1%)。术后晚期并发症有视网膜脱离2眼(1.1%),后发障2级以上21眼(11.2%)。最后随访时视力0.5以上149眼(79.3%)。结论基层医院初期开展白内障超声乳化时可出现较多手术并发症,应在有相应手术经验医师指导下逐步开展。 Objective To review the main complications of cataract phacoemulsification surgery in primary hospitals and discuss its preventive measures. Design retrospective case series. A total of 184 patients (188 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were enrolled in the first hospital of Fangshan District. Methods The corneal limbal tunnel incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation were performed. The complications during and after surgery were observed and recorded. Follow-up 3 to 6 months. The main indicators of the incidence of surgical complications. Results The main complications during operation were posterior capsular rupture in 8 eyes (4.3%) and iris damage in 2 eyes (1.1%). Early postoperative complications were corneal endothelial edema in 23 eyes (12.2%), uveitis in 16 eyes (8.5%) and ocular hypertension in 4 eyes (2.1%). Late postoperative complications were retinal detachment in 2 eyes (1.1%) and in the second postoperative hair loss in 21 eyes (11.2%). Visual acuity 0.5 to 149 eyes (79.3%) at final follow-up. Conclusions There may be more operative complications when initial phacoemulsification of primary cataract in primary hospitals, which should be carried out gradually under the guidance of appropriate surgical doctors.