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只有在“原子”社会经济观的层面上,科斯的“企业契约论”才能得以解释,但这种虚拟语境下的社会经济观并不能合理反映现实世界,因此,对企业本质的探讨,需要回归到“人类社会发展”的现实语境中来进行。在人类社会发展中,人有生存和自由两大基本福利追求,这两大基本福利追求往往使人陷入“两难选择”:要提高生存福利,人们需要加入组织以获取合作剩余,而组织在一定程度上又会降低人们的自由福利。文章基于“个体—组织”对立统一方法论,讨论了企业产生的原因与契约的作用,得出了企业本质是创造合作剩余的经济组织的基本观点。
Only in the “atomic” socioeconomic view, Coase’s “enterprise contract theory ” can be explained, but this socio-economic view in the virtual context does not reasonably reflect the real world, therefore, the essence of the enterprise , We need to return to the real context of “human social development”. In the development of human society, people have the pursuit of the two basic benefits of existence and freedom. These two basic welfare pursuits often make people fall into the category of “dilemma ”: To improve the living welfare, people need to join the organization to obtain the cooperation surplus, while the organization To a certain extent, it will also reduce people’s freedom and welfare. Based on the unity of opposites of “individual - organization ”, the article discusses the causes of enterprises and the role of contracts, and concludes that the essence of enterprises is the basic viewpoints of economic organizations that create the surplus of cooperation.