目的了解战士静息时窦性心动过缓的发生及心率变异性的变化情况,为基层军事训练时心脏事件的防治提供理论依据。方法对200名男性4年兵体检心电图进行回顾性分析,与入伍时、入伍1年心电图进行比较;从心动过缓的战士中随机抽取20人进行动态心电图、心脏彩超检查,同期纳入20名健康男性大学生作为对照组。结果 (1)200名战士中,入伍时检出心动过缓16例(8.0%),平均心率(70.4±7.6)次/min;入伍满1年时检出43例(21.5%),平均心率(65.2±6.4)次/min;入伍满4年时检出97例(48.5%),平均心率(57.8±5.9)次/min;3个时期心动过缓发生率及平均心率比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。(2)静息时动态心电图检查发现,战士心动过缓组SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50等3项指标均明显低于健康大学生组(P<0.05)。(3)心脏彩超检查发现,战士心动过缓组平均IVS、LVPW、LVEDV、LVSV、LVEF、LVFS等6项指标均明显高于健康大学生组(P<0.05)。结论经过训练,战士窦性心动过缓的发生率明显增高,心率变异性虽在正常范围,但较健康大学生下降,心脏结构发生适应性变化,心功能增强。 Objective To understand the changes of sinus bradycardia and heart rate variability during resting soldiers and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiac events during military training at the grassroots level. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 electrocardiograms of men who had been on four-year medical examination for four years. The electrocardiogram was compared with the one-year electrocardiogram when enlisted and enrolled. Twenty patients were randomly selected from bradycardia for dynamic electrocardiogram and echocardiography. Twenty healthy Male college students as control group. Results (1) Among 200 soldiers, 16 cases (8.0%) had heart bradycardia at the time of enlistment, the average heart rate was 70.4 ± 7.6 times / min; 43 cases (21.5% (65.2 ± 6.4) times / min; 97 cases (48.5%) were detected at 4 years after admission, the average heart rate was 57.8 ± 5.9 times / min; the incidence of bradycardia and the average heart rate in the three periods were significantly different Significance (P <0.05). (2) resting ambulatory ECG examination found that soldiers bradycardia group SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50 and other three indicators were significantly lower than the healthy college students (P <0.05). (3) The results of echocardiography showed that the average IVS, LVPW, LVEDV, LVSV, LVEF and LVFS were all significantly higher in the bradycardia group than in the healthy college students (P <0.05). Conclusions After training, the incidence of sinus bradycardia in warrior soldiers increased significantly. Although the heart rate variability was in the normal range, it was lower than that in healthy college students. The heart structure was adaptively changed and the cardiac function was enhanced.